5/3/2023 0 Comments Swap scooter battery pulseOn assuming average speeds of 12 to 15 km/h, i.e. Another requirement is the willingness-to-pay of the users, since service prices are relatively high: typically, $1 or €1 to unlock plus 0.15 or 0.2 per minute of utilization (Nawaro, 2021). ![]() An obvious requirement pertains to getting an available vehicle in the street: it relates to service coverage, fleet size and demand patterns (Leurent, 2021). Over 2018 they became the dominant mode of shared micromobility in the United States, surpassing shared bikes with docks as well as dockless ones (Zhang & Guo, 2020).īeyond the easy deployment of dockless two-wheels in urban settings, the main reason for S3 success may well lie in its specific user experience and quality of service: ease of use, efficient speed competitive with strongly motorized modes in dense areas, comfort of the standing position little exposed to crowding, the pleasure of driving autonomously, effortlessly, smoothly and openly in the urban environment (6t, 2019). In a numerical study, it is shown that the S3 cost per unit of fed-in energy is one order of magnitude greater than the out-of-the-grid electricity price.ĭockless shared e-scooter services (S3) have spread fast from their introduction in 20 by Bird, Spin, Lime and other operators (Button, Frye, & Reaves, 2020). Two sets of specifications, namely Constant Elasticity and Affine Linear, are specified for the battery wearing law, the battery price and the scooter price: under either set the model admits an analytical solution. Characteristic equations are established for the optimal per-refill cost, DoD, BEC, scooter lifespan and energy consumption rate. The mathematical optimization of the production cost function is addressed in four stages, by optimizing in turn (i) the swapping tours, (ii) the target DoD, (iii) the battery energy capacity (BEC), (iv) the scooter body in terms of lifespan and energy consumption rate. Thus the overall “refill strategy” interplays with the respective inventory policies of batteries and of scooters. In the production model, the daily number of refills and the per-refill swapping cost are key variables as they link the field implementation and the swapping logistics functions to the other production functions of battery inventory, scooter inventory, energy charging, fleet maintenance and commercial. Explicitly modelled are the operations of battery swapping by “juicing tours”, as well as the wearing law of the electric batteries depending on the depth of discharge (DoD) that triggers the next swap. This article provides an economic theory of swappable batteries in the production of a shared e-scooter service (S3). They have 25 integrated sensors for thermal and overcharge protections, shock detection and wireless NFC communication.Swappable batteries have been deployed in several services of dockless shared e-scooters. They are encased in a durable, waterproof, aluminium case and every battery in the Network is monitored to check condition. The battery packs are 1.3 kWh and weigh 9 kg each and t he battery cores consist of Panasonic 18650 energy cells. Often 2 battery packs are used in each scooter and offer riding distances of up to 170 km after a full charge. The GoStations can also power themselves using the batteries in the event of a power interruption or can be used as a power source to help power microgrids in the event of power outages disrupting critical systems. The manufacturer estimates that users can swap their batteries and go in 6 seconds. ![]() The touchscreen provides information about users’ energy use and displays notifications about their Smartscooter. They are accessible 24 hours, 7 days a week in places like gas stations and convenience stores. ![]() The GoStations are modular, consisting of a main unit with additional expansion units that can be added as needed. The larger Super GoStations can retain up to 200 kWh of energy, supporting up to 1,000 riders.
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